The ophthalmology service of the Madrid public hospital warns of the risks of observing the eclipse on August 12 without proper protection and details how to do so safely.
On August 12, a solar eclipse will be visible, one of the most anticipated astronomical phenomena of the year. However, specialists from the Ophthalmology Service of the Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, a public centre in the Community of Madrid, issue a clear warning: looking directly at the Sun without adequate protection can cause serious and irreversible eye injuries.
Ophthalmologist Ana Navas from the aforementioned hospital explains that solar radiation can burn the macula, the central area of the retina responsible for the most precise vision. This injury, known as solar retinopathy, can lead to loss of central vision, distortion of objects (straight lines appear wavy), alteration of colour perception, or differences in vision between both eyes.
One of the most dangerous aspects is that symptoms do not always appear immediately. They may manifest hours or even days after exposure, meaning many people do not associate the discomfort with observing the eclipse. Therefore, specialists recommend visiting an ophthalmologist as soon as possible if any symptoms occur and proper precautions have not been taken.
Never with conventional sunglasses. Dr. Navas insists that regular sunglasses, tinted lenses, or X-rays do not offer any protection against solar radiation and should never be used. The only safe way to observe the eclipse directly is with specific glasses that comply with the international standard ISO 12312-2, which blocks almost all radiation.
Once the eclipse glasses are on, they should not be removed while looking at the Sun. In the case of children, maximum caution is required: it is difficult to ensure they keep the glasses on throughout the phenomenon, so experts recommend opting for indirect viewing. A simple and safe method is to project the image of the Sun through a small hole made in a piece of cardboard onto a flat surface.
For those using cameras, telescopes, or binoculars, the advice is equally strict: it is essential to use a specific solar filter on the device's lens before observing the eclipse. Looking through them only with eclipse glasses does not protect the eyes and can even increase the amount of radiation reaching the eye, raising the risk of injury.
The Gregorio Marañón reminds us that prevention is the best tool to enjoy the astronomical spectacle without risking visual health. In case of any doubts or symptoms, the most prudent course of action is to consult a specialist.
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