Heatwaves increase urgent admissions in Spain by 10%. Gregorio Marañón Hospital issues recommendations to protect the elderly, the most vulnerable group.
With the arrival of successive heatwaves, the Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital has focused on the most vulnerable population: the elderly. The data is compelling: on days of extreme heat, the risk of hospitalization skyrockets by 11% in people aged 75 to 84 and up to 20% in those over 85, according to a national study that analysed over 11 million summer admissions.
Thirst diminishes with age
One of the silent dangers is that, with aging, the sensation of thirst decreases. Therefore, specialists insist that the elderly must stay hydrated even if they do not feel thirsty. Geriatrician Gema Somoza from Gregorio Marañón recommends offering liquids constantly: water, juices, smoothies or, in cases of dysphagia, gelled water or gelatins.
In addition to hydration, avoiding going out between twelve and six in the afternoon is key. At home, lowering blinds, ventilating, and using fans or air conditioning helps maintain a cool environment. Light, cotton clothing in light colours, along with hats and sunglasses when going out, also makes a difference.
Monitoring by family and caregivers is essential
Many elderly people do not complain or are not aware of the heat. Therefore, family members and caregivers must be attentive and offer liquids without waiting for them to ask. Asking how they are feeling and observing for warning signs such as confusion, disorientation, intense weakness, or fever can prevent a heat stroke.
Dr. Somoza emphasises that prevention is the best tool: simple measures such as staying hydrated, avoiding the sun during peak hours, and paying attention to the elderly can save lives.
For residents of the Community of Madrid, where heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent, these guidelines are especially useful. The hospital reminds that acting promptly at any symptom reduces complications. And, as always, hydration remains a pending task: drink even if you do not feel thirsty.
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